Manure Management Emissions data HiPoint Agro Bedding

This introduction to emission data from FOAstat and early releases of Equine manure management by Paul Cross of HiPoint Agro Bedding Corp. gives an insight to the thousands of tons of leaching and off-gassing of Co2/Nitrogen/ Potassium/CH4 Phosphorous and Nitrous Oxide.

All studies dating back 100 years have shown we need to drastically reduce waste from leaching, off-gassing, or stockpiling manure on our streets and lands.

Horse manure is yet difficult to quantify. "Horse manure" is usually the total cleaned stall or “stall residuals.” Stall residuals combine manure, stall bedding wood shavings, feed and hay which today is disposed of by spreading, stockpiling for compost, or burning.

Is FAOSTAT data based on stall residuals or pure manure? As data is about spreading, leaching and off-gassing it is suggested we interpret “horse manure” as “stall residuals.”

To effectively benefit from spreading, composting or using AD digestate as a viable source of Co2/Nitrogen/ Potassium we must separate the manure buns/apples from the bedding and repurpose the shavings. HiPoint recycles residual stall shavings through the HPAB Process 2019 ©  as the only effective way to deal with stall residuals. “Horse Manure”

Data is on emission levels 2010-2016 from horses. FAOSTAT

 Horse Manure leaching and off-gassing emission stats - 03-03-2019

  1. 1. Manure emissions and its effect THIS DOCUMENT DISCUSSES MANURE EMISSIONS FROM STALL RESIDUALS CREATED BY HORSES OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT. DatedM arch 7 2019 1 Introduction All studies dating back 100 years have shown we need to drastically reduce waste from leaching, off-gassing, or stockpiling manure on our streets and lands. Horse manure is yet difficult to quantify as ”horse manure" is usually the total cleaned stall or “stall residuals.” Stall residuals combine manure, stall bedding wood shavings, feed and hay which today is disposed of by spreading, stockpiling for compost, or burning. Is FAOSTAT data based on stall residuals or pure manure? As data is about spreading, leaching and off gassing it is suggested we interpret “horse manure” as “stall residuals.” To effectively benefit from spreading, composting or using AD digestate as a viable source of Co2/Nitrogen/ Potassium we must separate the manure buns/apples from the bedding and repurpose the shavings. HiPoint recycles residual stall shavings through the HPAB Process 2019 © as the only effective way to deal with stall residuals. “Horse Manure” Data is on emission levels 2010-2016 from horses. FAOSTAT Horse manure waste management
  2. 2. The great manure crisis of 1894 has returned HORSES ARE CONFINED TO STALLS GREAT THAN EVERY BEFORE WHICH HAS CREATED THE NEXT MANURE CRISIS In 1894 there was so much manure on the streets of London and NewYork, both countries got together to have their first environmental conference. No solution was found to reduce the amount of waste from horses. It was only from the invention of Ford’s motorcar and motorized transport between 1902 and 1912 that averted the manure crisis of 1894. After 1912 horses were put out to the fields until Horse racing “THE SPORT OF KINGS” became the nation's horse racing past time and brought horses back into densely populated areas. Today, horses and humans cohabitate in barns, arenas and show grounds daily around the world in a plutherer of performance disciplines. Over the last 100 years horse racing, and competition in dressage, jumping and show horses have accumulated in highly populated areas. 2
  3. 3. Imported horses to USA A STEADY BUT INCREASE IN IMPORTS OVER 2010-2016 17.5 K horses imported 2016 3
  4. 4. Exported horses to USA A FLUCTUATION DECLINE IN EXPORTING HORSES OUT OF AMERICA 2010-2016 150 K horses exported 2016 4
  5. 5. Impact of horse manure HORSE MANURE/STALL RESIDUALS CONTAMINATE THE ENVIRONMENT DRAMATICALLY. There are many environmental concerns within the equine industry, such as contaminant leaching into waterways including phosphorus hot spots, algae blooms, odor control, and methane off-gassing. Not to mention the smell of ammonia, dust and the black fly populations in the stables which results in poor horse and human health. The manure to wood fiber bedding ratio varies dramatically from hobby farm to high-end showgrounds. Hobby farm waste: 30% bedding 70% manure Showground waste: 70% bedding 30% manure (or less) “Used horse bedding left unattended will cause methane off-gassing, leaching and phosphorous hot spots leading to diseases, flies, and other environmental hazards. “ States Cross 5
  6. 6. Methane produced and reduced IF WE KNOW HOW MUCH METHANE IS PRODUCED AND WAYS TO REDUCE IT WHAT ARE WE DOING ABOUT IT TODAY ? • Through separation and controlled management of horse manure / stall residuals, it can be demonstrated that methane off-gassing from stockpiled manure can be reduced by 90% • In the business case for a fully covered point-to-point system we could obtain 100% reduction and remove methane leaching, off-gassing and containments from the air we breathe and lands we walk upon. • So how much Methane is created? 6
  7. 7. North American emissions by Year Co2 NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION FROM MANURE HAS RISEN EVERY YEAR, AND SPIKED TO 445 GIGGRAMS IN 2016. WE NEED BETTER MANURE MANAGEMENT TODAY! 490,000 Tons of Co2 emissions 7 Co2 Emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from manure decomposition processes. Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) stands for a unit based on the global warming potential (GWP) of (GWP) of different greenhouse gases.TheCO2eq unit measures the environmental impact of one ton of these greenhouse gases in comparison to the impact of one ton of CO2.
  8. 8. North American emissions by Year N NITROGEN CONTENT FORM MANURE HAS LEVELLED OFF SINCE 2010 RAISING GRADUALLY EACH YEAR 450 Million KG of N 8 Nitrogen
  9. 9. North American emissions by Year Co2 NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION FROM MANURE HAS RISEN EVERY YEAR, AND SPIKED TO 445 GIGGRAMS IN 2016. WE NEED BETTER MANURE MANAGEMENT TODAY! 3.2 Million Tons of nitrous oxide emissions 9 Nitrous oxide Emissions of nitrous oxide from manure left by grazing livestock on agricultural soils
  10. 10. Total emissions by Continent AMERICA MAKES UP OVER 50% OF THE WORLDS EMISSIONS FROM HORSES 56.7% of Emission come from Americas 10
  11. 11. Top emission emitting countries CHINA MEXICO AND RUSSIA ARE ALSO CAUSING HIGH EMITTERS OF CO2 FROM HORSES USA. China. Mexico. Russia 11
  12. 12. Impact of horse on humans A SHORT REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF HORSE MANURE ON HUMANS Statistics • Horse waste is not Zootonic – it does transfer to humans (inc e.coli H7) (EPA states Fungus, viruses, bacteria, and worms found in horses have never been shown to infect humans) • One stabled horse produced 12 tons of waste per year. • Energy conversion of horse manure is 5 GJ/Horse/Year. • Top methane production for horse and bedding 400 mg Ch4/g VS per day 12
  13. 13. Manure leaching by year. America INCREASED TO 10.5 MILLION KG OF NITROGEN ARE ESTIMATED TO LEACH INTO THE SOIL FROM HORSES IN USA (NOT INCLUDING MULES ASSES) 2% OF LAND APPLIED 10.5 Million KG of N 13 Nitrogen FAOSTAT North American records at least 3% of Nitrogen leaches from horse manure.
  14. 14. Manure leaching by year. Canada DECREASED TO 4.5 MILLION KG OF NITROGEN ARE ESTIMATED TO LEACH INTO THE SOIL FROM HORSES IN CANADA (NOT INCLUDING MULES ASSES) 4.5 Million KG of N 14 Nitrogen FAOSTAT North American records at least 3% of Nitrogen leaches from horse manure.
  15. 15. Impact of manure on pastures A SHORT REVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF HORSE MANURE ON PASTURES. Statistic on Pastures • USDA states 75% of horse farms store manure onsite • Most farms do not know where their stall residuals are being taken • Stall residuals (wood & manure) depletes soil quality dues to the C:N ration being 400:1 • Horse manure stall residuals are 75% dry • Dairy manure stall residuals are 90% wet 15
  16. 16. Manure left on pasture co2  NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION FROM MANURE ON PASTURES HAVE RISEN BUT LEVELLING OUT. 3,200 Tons of Co2 emissions 16 CO2 off-gassing
  17. 17. Manure left on pasture (N) ALTHOUGH CATTLE IS HIGHER - HORSES ARE THE SECOND LEADING SOURCE OF NITROGEN ON FIELDS Horses make up 10.5 % of all N 17 Nitrogen on lands
  18. 18. All manures are not created equal GLOBAL CH4 EMISSIONS IN HORSES ARE AROUND 10% OF ALL ANIMAL EMISSIONS. WE CAN NOT LEAVE HORSES OUT OF THE EQUATION. • Global CH4 emission per year for major contributors of animal manure are between 12.6 – 14.2Tg /year. • Horses alone contribute approximately 1.2Tg CH4, per year. (10% of the total) • We can not leave horses out of the methane crisis from animals and more research is needed into viable solutions. Most solutions focus on cows. “We can remove the stockpiling of manure in each County and in each State with the right tools, the right classification, and the right mindset to use Horse Manure as a new reusable revenue stream” Quotes HiPoint Agro Bedding 18Tg = teragram, an SI unit of mass equal to 1012 grams.
  19. 19. Manure applied to soil Co2 NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION FROM MANURE HAS RISEN EVERY YEAR, AND SPIKED TO 250 GIGGRAMS IN 2016. WE NEED BETTER MANURE MANAGEMENT TODAY! 275,000 Tons C02 or 916 Tons of nitrous oxide 19 Nitrous oxide Emissions of nitrous oxide from the application of manure to agricultural soils. FAOSTAT shows10% is being spread One ton of nitrous oxide is equivalent to 298 ton of carbon dioxide and is a ozone destroyer
  20. 20. Manure applied to soil N NORTH AMERICAN EMISSION FROM MANURE HAS RISEN EVERY YEAR, AND SPIKED TO 36 MILLION KG IN 2016. WE NEED BETTER MANURE MANAGEMENT TODAY! 40,000 tons of N emissions 20 Nitrogen Horse manure applied to soils N Content
  21. 21. Value of horse manure PHOSPHOROUS HOT SPOTS ASH CONTENT AND NITROGEN LEVELS PER YEAR PER HORSE • The fertilizer value of the 8.5 tons of manure produced annually from a 1,000-pound horse can amount to 102 pounds of nitrogen (N), 43 pounds of phosphorous (P2O5) and 77 pounds of potash (K2O). • Horse manure, fresh or aged (more than one week) has relatively high SRP [Soluble reactive phosphorus] (H20 ~ 16 / NAHCO3 ~8 MG/G per dryWT.) Creating Phosphorus hotspots 21
  22. 22. Value of horse manure METHANE ENERGY CAPABILITIES FROM HORSES COULD CREATE GIGAJOULES OF ENERGY PER HORSE. • William Martin-Rosset, Ph.D. head of equine nutrition, shows approximately 50 pounds of methane gas are emitted per horse per year. • The IPCC standards show 1 * 550 KG horse giving 18KG per year methane with a 30% variance • For every 5000 horses, that’s 250,000 pounds or 111 Tons of methane off-gassing • There are an estimated 8.2 Million horses in North America (creating potentially 183,000Tons of methane gas ) • We could create 20,000GJ of energy from horse waste per 5000 horses. 22
  23. 23. Emissions off-gassing America CO2 OFF-GASSING OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO 4480 GIGAGRAMS OR 5 MILLION TONS FROM HORSES IN AMERICA IN 2016 ALONE IT AMOUNTS TO 429.49 GIGAGRAMS OR 470,000 TONS Element Value Unit Manure treated (N content) 34,761,554.31 kg Implied emission factor for CH4 (Manure management) 1.56 kg CH4/head Implied emission factor for N2O (Manure management) 0.01 kg N2O-N/kg N Emissions (CH4) (Manure management) 16.42 gigagrams Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (Manure management) 344.82 gigagrams Direct emissions (N2O) (Manure management) 0.27 gigagrams Indirect emissions (N2O) (Manure management) - gigagrams Emissions (N2O) (Manure management) 0.27 gigagrams Direct emissions (CO2eq) (Manure management) 84.67 gigagrams Indirect emissions (CO2eq) (Manure management) - gigagrams Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (Manure management) 84.67 gigagrams Emissions (CO2eq) (Manure management) 429.49 gigagrams 23
  24. 24. Emissions off-gassing Canada CO2 OFF-GASSING OVER THE LAST 10 YEARS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO 178.57 GIGAGRAMS OR 196,000 FROM HORSES IN CANADA IN 2016 ALONE IT AMOUNTS TO 16.27 GIGAGRAMS OR 18,000 TONS Element Value Unit Manure treated (N content) 1,317,049.98 kg Implied emission factor for CH4 (Manure management) 1.56 kg CH4/head Implied emission factor for N2O (Manure management) 0.01 kg N2O-N/kg N Emissions (CH4) (Manure management) 0.62 gigagrams Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (Manure management) 13.06 gigagrams Direct emissions (N2O) (Manure management) 0.01 gigagrams Indirect emissions (N2O) (Manure management) - gigagrams Emissions (N2O) (Manure management) 0.01 gigagrams Direct emissions (CO2eq) (Manure management) 3.21 gigagrams Indirect emissions (CO2eq) (Manure management) - gigagrams Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (Manure management) 3.21 gigagrams Emissions (CO2eq) (Manure management) 16.27 gigagrams 24
  25. 25. How we can reduce and remove Methane IN CONCLUSION WE CAN REDUCE METHANE OFF-GASSING AND USE IT EFFECTIVELY FOR ENERGY. • Stock Piling outside: 90% methane would off-gas as emissions leaching and entering the atmosphere • Anaerobic Digesters: 10% methane would off-gas from a digester. AD can be constructed that no or any methane emissions would occur. • Dried Covered Storage: 1.5% methane would off-gas when dried in solid storage, almost nothing. • Separated and Processed: 0% methane would be off-gassed after separation, processed, and a controlled undercover environment. 25

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